» BROJ 84 |
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Godina XV
Maj - Jun 2018.
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» Glavni naslovi |
SUMMARY
Summary
Topic of This Issue
WORLD IN
THE FUTURE |
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Potentials for Populating the Solar System
Philosophers, dreamers and poets were the first people to express ideas about traveling to the Moon and the other planets, however, the first visionary who, based on science of his own time, considered flights to outer space and populating of other celestial bodies was a Russian scientists, the one who originated the theory of rocket mechanics, Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky. Sincerely believing that a rocket would be a vehicle for flights toward other worlds, and driven by his imagination, more than a century ago he wondered what life of people would be in conditions of lesser gravitation on the Moon and on asteroids. His statement:
"The Earth is merely the cradle of mankind and it is not possible to remain in the cradle forever" could be understood as both a prediction and promise to future generations to start populating other worlds in the Solar system.
In what kind of towns shall we live, what shall we eat, how shall we commute and what living species will be extinct
- are only some of the questions that preoccupy imagination of nowadays people
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SCIENCE, THE WAY OF LIFE
Stevan Pilipović, mathematician
In the World of General Functions |
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Among globally respected Serbian mathematicians, published in significant international journals in the last two decades of the 20th century, member of the national academy of science, Stevan Pilipović (1950) is particularly noticeable for his outstanding mathematical erudition and fundamental results, the publicity of which in scientific circles indicates a scientist who directs his research in several areas of modern mathematics.
He is equally dedicated to science and to work with his students, to professional work in scientific and cultural institutions, to their promotion, expert and social activities. Stevan Pilipović achieved outstanding career in science and lecturing. In international circles he is one of the leading experts for theory of ultradistributions, microlocal analysis in algebras of general functions and partial equations with singularities.
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MEDICINE
PEDIATRICS
Ultrasound diagnostic |
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With no harmful consequences,
ultrasound is being used for examination of
fetuses and monitoring of the earliest
development of a child. Dr. Slavica Kalezić
Miloević , pediatrician and head of the Bel
Medic health center, one of the leading
experts in the area of pediatric ultrasound
in Serbia, emphasizes that this powerful,
very informative diagnostic method is
extremely important for medicine in general,
however, particularly significant for
pediatrics because it is painless, swift and
reliable. Prenatal diagnostic of cardiac
defects and other congenital disorders of
the fetus, checking of potential serious
consequences of a traumatic childbirth,
first assessments of bone and joint system
of a neonate, monitoring of development of a
healthy child, including a checkup of
reproductive health of girls... This is merely
one part of diagnostic procedures that have
a common denominator - ultrasound
(ultrasonography) - noninvasive, painless
and completely harmless method of radiologic
diagnostic.
Fibromyalgia
Living with pain, tiredness and dejection?
In comparison to men, women are nine times
more often struck by Fibromyalgia, a
neurologic disease with prevalently
rheumatologic symptoms. This disease is
difficult to diagnose and the treatment
requires lot of time and efforts. Dr. Nataa
Radosavljević, physiatrist and
rheumatologist, head of the Bel Medic
hospital, points out at biochemical
disorders in central nervous system that
cause it, and speaks about ways to keep the
disease under control.
I am constantly tired and exhausted! My
muscles are sore and stiff! Everything
aches! In the past even doctors readily
declared these, generally perceived as
subjective problems, as hypochondria or
"female hysteria". However, today it is
known that those can be symptoms of a real
disease - fibromyalgia.
It has been scientifically proved that those
problems do not occur "on nervous basis" but
are an objective consequence of chemical
disorders in the central nervous system
(brain). The problem, however, is in the
fact that fibromyalgia is in fact a
neurologic syndrome with rheumatologic
symptoms.
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OPHTHALMOLOGY
Solution for Severe Myopia |
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Even persons with high level of
myopia nowadays have a chance to free
themselves from glasses and contact lenses.
Thanks to insertion of intraocular lenses,
even severe myopia, which remained beyond
the limits of laser "elimination" of
diopter, now can be successfully corrected.
Ophthalmologist Dr. Zora Stanković, medical
science Msc. consultant of the
Belgrade-based Bel Medic - speaks about
this.
For centuries, glasses have been a reliable
means for correction of eyesight, however,
for correction of refractive imperfections
of the eye, in recent times contact lenses
are being used and, in the last few decades,
refractive surgery - permanent laser
correction of sight. Be it myopia,
farsightedness or astigmatism, efficient and
safe laser surgery offered a possibility for
significant improvement of quality of
individual's life, enabling full freeing
from wearing external ocular devices.
However, this revolutionary ophthalmological
progress remained reserved only for persons
with lower levels of diopter and for young
people. An alternative to efficient and safe
laser correcting of sight became available
at the beginning of this century - with
insertion of intraocular lenses which remain
permanently inside the eye.
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ARCHEOLOGY Beginnings of Australia |
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170 km far from Darwin, a capital of
the Australian administrative unit North
Territory, there is a national park
"Kakadu". Until recently it was presumed
that the Aborigines have lived there at
least for forty seven thousand years. They
own half of the real estate lands which they
let to the national park, while they
advocate for restitution of the majority of
remaining lands. "Kakadu" is on the UNESCO's
world heritage list because of outstandingly
valuable cultural monuments and unique
natural values.
Together with the Australian government,
representatives of local Aborigines, some
500 of them, administer the park. They ward
the tradition of their ancestors who left
behind more than five thousand locations
with artifacts of their art.
One of the most beautiful places known for
drawings and engravements in the rock - is
Ubir. Some of the drawings are old several
millennia, but a majority of them are two
thousand years old. They mostly depict
animals which live in that part of
Australia, and the ancestors of Aborigines.
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TECHNOLOGY
Storehouse at the bottom of
the sea |
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Along with decreasing of the
carbon-dioxide, there is a growing
possibility that we shall need to actively
eliminate that gas from the air in order to
preserve the Earth's temperature at a safe
level. Presently the average temperature is
1.5 Celsius above the one of the
pre-industrial period.
Where to store carbon- dioxide? The most
frequently mentioned solution, thus far, has
been to cover it with soil, maybe in some
region lacking oil and gas fields. This
approach has been tested and it seems to be
efficient, however, it remains unclear if
people would accept such a solution of the
problem.
Experts from New Zealand proposed a radical
possibility. They believe that
carbon-dioxide should be stored at the ocean
bottom, where it would be permanently kept
in a form of a liquid lake. When
carbon-dioxide is placed at the depth of
approximately 3000 meters, its density
becomes greater than density of water,
therefore it sinks to the bottom and,
naturally, remains there.
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ZOOLOGY
Large Beasts of Serbia |
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Exemplars of four species of large
wild animals live in Serbia. They can rarely
be seen in wilderness, merely now and then,
far from human settlements. If there were no
cages in zoos, who knows if we would know
how they look like in natural size. In spite
of protection measures and legal provisions
for protection of endangered species, the
number of bears, wolfs, jackals and lynxes
is constantly diminishing.
The bears once populated lowland forests,
floodable and grassy valleys. With time, man
pushed them out to mountainous and wooded
areas. It is estimated that in entire Serbia
live not more than 50 brown bears. Their
largest habitat in the Tara mountain is the
most numerous with 40 exemplars.
It is estimated that there are about 800
wolfs in Serbia, mostly living in higher
hills and mountains, which means that along
with Bulgaria, Macedonia, Greece and Spain,
Serbia has one of the largest populations of
these predators. Jackals live in smaller
packs in lowland and hilly grassy areas with
bushes, reeds, at the edges of marshes and
in areas cultivated and thus modified by
men. They live at the altitude of about 350
meters, and are only sporadically seen in
mountainous areas. It is estimated that more
than 2000 exemplars live nowadays in Serbia,
although, up to 300 jackals are legally
killed annually. They live in east Serbia,
in Srem and along the rivers Danube and
Tisa.
Lynx is the largest representative of wild
cats in Europe. Lives in beech, oak and
other deciduous forests, but also in bushes
and canyons and rocky areas. It is
considered to be a very cautious animal,
therefore it is almost impossible to see it
in wilderness. The Balkan population of lynx
lives in southwestern Serbia and is very
small and endangered. It could be said that
it is close to extinction because of
interbreeding of closely related exemplars,
as well as because of hunting, destruction
of habitats and uncontrolled woodcutting in
southwestern Serbia.
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TRAFFIC
Vehicles with no driver |
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Introducing vehicles with no drivers
appears to be inevitable. In that case,
estimates are that traffic accidents will
decrease for 90% resulting with 1,300,000
less casualties worldwide, mainly caused by
driver's fault. It is also estimated that,
because of greater availability of vehicles,
particularly to elderly and young
passengers, usage of such vehicles grow. For
the time being there is a number of ethical,
financial and even moral limitations.
First attempts to introduce such vehicles
date back to the year 1920. The first
testing was performed in New York, where two
vehicles were tested - the first one with no
driver and the other with a driver. The
first vehicle had a radio receiver and the
antenna on the top, and the other the
emission device from which the first vehicle
received instructions about the ride and
fitting into the city traffic.
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